Canadian winters can be brutal, and climate change is making them even more unpredictable. Heavy snowfall, rapid freeze-thaw cycles, and intense rainfalls in short periods can wreak havoc on an improperly stored boat. While winterizing is essential, boaters must go one step further to protect their investment from ice and snow damage during the winter in many parts of Canada.

The biggest threat: freeze and thaw cycles

It’s not just snow and ice that cause damage; it’s the melting and refreezing that does the most harm. Water expands when it freezes, leading to cracked hulls, damaged engines, and compromised structural components. Even a properly winterized boat can suffer damage if precautions aren’t taken to manage moisture exposure.

Best practices for winter storage to prevent ice and snow damage

Professional winterization

Hiring a professional to winterize your boat ensures critical steps are completed properly. However, not all winterization services are the same. Get a detailed work order in writing to ensure all necessary tasks are covered, including:

• Draining water from the engine, gear case, and fuel system
• Fogging the engine to prevent rust
• Greasing fittings and bearings
• Removing the bilge plug to prevent water accumulation

Additional tips to prevent ice and snow damage

1. Check for deck leaks: Any leaks can let water seep into compartments where it will freeze and expand, causing damage.
2. Leave the bilge plug open: This prevents water from collecting and freezing inside the hull.
3. Keep rodents out: Set up glue traps to prevent mice from nesting inside your boat
4. Use moisture absorbents: Place a bucket of DampRid inside to reduce condensation.
5. Tilt the trailer: Ensure water drains away rather than pooling inside.
6. Frequent checks: Visit your boat periodically to clear snow and ensure no unexpected water buildup.
7. Pull out the batteries: Store them indoors to prevent freezing and extend their lifespan.
8. Add fuel stabilizer: This prevents the fuel from breaking down over the winter.

Indoor storage vs. outdoor storage

Whenever possible, store your boat indoors to protect it from the elements. If indoor storage isn’t an option, consider the following outdoor storage strategies:

Tarp and cover options
If storing outside, a tight and secure cover is crucial. Here’s what to do:

• Use a factory boat cover with a secondary tarp over it.
• Many boaters get custom canvas covers made.
• Additional protection is to sturdy frame– similar to a sawhorse – to support the tarp and prevent sagging. If you are not so much of a DIY – here is a simpler structure.
• Check the boat frequently to remove excess snow and water pooling on the tarp.

Things to avoid:

• Loose or sagging covers that can trap water, leading to pooling, ice buildup and damage.
• Ignoring snow accumulation, which can add dangerous weight and even topple a boat off its stands..

Shrink-wrap: Pros & cons

Many boaters opt for shrink-wrapping, but it has its drawbacks:

✔️ Provides excellent protection against snow and ice.
✔️ Helps prevent water infiltration.
✔️ A professional shrink-wrap is the safest and easiest way to go.
❌ Expensive.
❌ Not environmentally friendly and not reusable.
❌ Can rip in high winds if boat is not stored in a protected area.

Canvas winter covers: A long-term investment

A high-quality canvas winter cover is another option.
✔️ Durable and reusable, paying for itself after a few seasons.
✔️ Provides a tight fit that prevents snow and ice buildup.
✔️ Allows ventilation, reducing condensation issues.
❌ Expensive upfront.
❌ Can be cumbersome to store when not in use.

What to do if you have ice and snow damage to your boat

If your boat has sustained ice and snow damage, start by documenting everything with photos and detailed notes. Remove any snow and ice to prevent further harm, then inspect for structural issues, water intrusion, or mechanical damage. If safe, tarp the boat to stop further exposure. Contact your insurance provider immediately to report the damage and follow their claims process, providing all necessary documentation. A professional marine surveyor may be required to assess the extent of repairs. For minor damage, winter-friendly marine sealants and repair kits can help, but for major issues, consult a boatyard or repair specialist.

It’s important that boat owners are insured adequately from the natural elements especially weight of ice and snow as some insurers will exclude this coverage as part of the ice/freezing exclusion on their policy. PMU is proud to offer a comprehensive all risk policy that includes coverage for weight of ice and snow.” Rola Nasser, VP PMU Quebec

Be prepared for inclement weather that can damage your boat

Winter boat storage isn’t just about covering it up and hoping for the best. Taking the right precautions—whether through professional winterization, choosing the right cover, or implementing small but critical maintenance steps—can save you from costly repairs in the spring. By staying proactive and adapting to changing winter conditions, you can ensure your boat remains in top shape for years to come.

Resources for ice and snow damage
Pacific Marine Underwriting Managers: How to prepare your boat for winter storage
Boat US: 10 Ways Winter Can Wreak Havoc with Your Boat
Boats.com: Five winter disasters

Photo credits: Photo by Tatiana Zhukova on Unsplash and Photo by Stefan Hiienurm on Unsplash and Photo by Annie Smurova on Unsplash

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